Oscar er filmbranchens vigtigste pris. Den er blevet uddelt af det amerikanske filmakademi siden 1929. Prisen uddeles inden for en række forskellige kategorier, både kunstneriske og tekniske. Oscar-prisen for bedste kvindelige hovedrolle gives til en skuespiller for en 'enestående præstation' (outstanding performance) i en hovedrolle. Der kan være op til fem nominerede skuespillere til prisen.
Prisen til årets vinder overrækkes almindeligvis af forrige års modtager.
Oscarpriserne uddeles som regel en søndag i februar eller marts, og årstallet nedenfor angiver det år, hvor prisen blev uddelt.
| År | Vinder | Film |
| 2024 | Emma Stone | Poor Things |
| 2023 | Michelle Yeoh | Everything Everywhere All at Once |
| 2022 | Jessica Chastain | The Eyes of Tammy Faye |
| 2021 | Frances McDormand | Nomadland |
| 2020 | Renée Zellweger | Judy |
| 2019 | Olivia Colman | The Favourite |
| 2018 | Frances McDormand | Three Billboards outside Ebbing, Missouri |
| 2017 | Emma Stone | La La Land |
| 2016 | Brie Larson | Room |
| 2015 | Julianne Moore | Still Alice |
| 2014 | Cate Blanchett | Blue Jasmine |
| 2013 | Jennifer Lawrence | Silver Linings Playbook |
| 2012 | Meryl Streep | The Iron Lady |
| 2011 | Natalie Portman | Black Swan |
| 2010 | Sandra Bullock | The Blind Side |
| 2009 | Kate Winslet | The Reader |
| 2008 | Marion Cotillard | La Vie en Rose |
| 2007 | Helen Mirren | The Queen |
| 2006 | Reese Witherspoon | Walk the Line |
| 2005 | Hilary Swank | Million Dollar Baby |
| 2004 | Charlize Theron | Monster |
| 2003 | Nicole Kidman | The Hours |
| 2002 | Halle Berry | Monster's Ball |
| 2001 | Julia Roberts | Erin Brockovich |
| 2000 | Hilary Swank | Boys Don't Cry |
| 1999 | Gwyneth Paltrow | Shakespeare in Love |
| 1998 | Helen Hunt | As Good as It Gets |
| 1997 | Frances McDormand | Fargo |
| 1996 | Susan Sarandon | Dead Man Walking |
| 1995 | Jessica Lange | Blue Sky |
| 1994 | Holly Hunter | The Piano |
| 1993 | Emma Thompson | Howards End |
| 1992 | Jodie Foster | The Silence of the Lambs |
| 1991 | Kathy Bates | Misery |
| 1990 | Jessica Tandy | Driving Miss Daisy |
| 1989 | Jodie Foster | The Accused |
| 1988 | Cher | Moonstruck |
| 1987 | Marlee Matlin | Children of a Lesser God |
| 1986 | Geraldine Page | The Trip to Bountiful |
| 1985 | Sally Field | Places in the Heart |
| 1984 | Shirley MacLaine | Terms of Endearment |
| 1983 | Meryl Streep | Sophie's Choice |
| 1982 | Katharine Hepburn | On Golden Pond |
| 1981 | Sissy Spacek | Coal Miner's Daughter |
| 1980 | Sally Field | Norma Rae |
| 1979 | Jane Fonda | Coming Home |
| 1978 | Diane Keaton | Annie Hall |
| 1977 | Faye Dunaway | Network |
| 1976 | Louise Fletcher | One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest |
| 1975 | Ellen Burstyn | Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore |
| 1974 | Glenda Jackson | A Touch of Class |
| 1973 | Liza Minnelli | Cabaret |
| 1972 | Jane Fonda | Klute |
| 1971 | Glenda Jackson | Women in Love |
| 1970 | Maggie Smith | The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie |
| 1969 | Katharine Hepburn | The Lion in Winter |
| 1968 | Katharine Hepburn | Guess Who's Coming to Dinner |
| 1967 | Elizabeth Taylor | Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? |
| 1966 | Julie Christie | Darling |
| 1965 | Julie Andrews | Mary Poppins |
| 1964 | Patricia Neal | Hud |
| 1963 | Anne Bancroft | The Miracle Worker |
| 1962 | Sophia Loren | Two Women |
| 1961 | Elizabeth Taylor | Butterfield 8 |
| 1960 | Simone Signoret | Room at the Top |
| 1959 | Susan Hayward | I Want to Live! |
| 1958 | Joanne Woodward | The Three Faces of Eve |
| 1957 | Ingrid Bergman | Anastasia |
| 1956 | Anna Magnani | The Rose Tattoo |
| 1955 | Grace Kelly | The Country Girl |
| 1954 | Audrey Hepburn | Roman Holiday |
| 1953 | Shirley Booth | Come Back, Little Sheba |
| 1952 | Vivien Leigh | A Streetcar Named Desire |
| 1951 | Judy Holliday | Born Yesterday |
| 1950 | Olivia de Havilland | The Heiress |
| 1949 | Jane Wyman | Johnny Belinda |
| 1948 | Loretta Young | The Farmer's Daughter |
| 1947 | Olivia de Havilland | To Each His Own |
| 1946 | Joan Crawford | Mildred Pierce |
| 1945 | Ingrid Bergman | Gaslight |
| 1944 | Jennifer Jones | The Song of Bernadette |
| 1943 | Greer Garson | Mrs. Miniver |
| 1942 | Joan Fontaine | Suspicion |
| 1941 | Ginger Rogers | Kitty Foyle |
| 1940 | Vivien Leigh | Gone with the Wind |
| 1939 | Bette Davis | Jezebel |
| 1938 | Luise Rainer | The Good Earth |
| 1937 | Luise Rainer | The Great Ziegfeld |
| 1936 | Bette Davis | Dangerous |
| 1935 | Claudette Colbert | It Happened One Night |
| 1934 | Katharine Hepburn | Morning Glory |
| 1933 | Helen Hayes | The Sin of Madelon Claudet |
| 1932 | Marie Dressler | Min and Bill |
| 1931 | Norma Shearer | The Divorcee |
| 1930 | Mary Pickford | Coquette |
| 1929 | Janet Gaynor | 7th Heaven |
14 skuespillere har vundet prisen for bedste kvindelige hovedrolle mere end én gang. Katharine Hepburn topper listen med fire priser, mens Frances McDormand har modtaget statuetten tre gange.
| Vinder | År |
| Katharine Hepburn | 1934, 1968, 1969, 1982 |
| Frances McDormand | 1997, 2018, 2021 |
| Emma Stone | 2017, 2024 |
| Meryl Streep | 1983, 2012 |
| Hilary Swank | 2000, 2005 |
| Jodie Foster | 1989, 1992 |
| Sally Field | 1980, 1985 |
| Jane Fonda | 1972, 1979 |
| Glenda Jackson | 1971, 1974 |
| Elizabeth Taylor | 1961, 1967 |
| Ingrid Bergman | 1945, 1957 |
| Vivien Leigh | 1940, 1952 |
| Olivia de Havilland | 1947, 1950 |
| Bette Davis | 1936, 1939 |
| Luise Rainer | 1937, 1938 |
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